Demersal
Living near the bottom, though not always on it, as cod, haddock, croakers and snappers do.
Also: groundfish
Demersal fish live and feed close to the bottom, in the water just above it as well as on it. Cod, haddock, hake, groupers, snappers, croakers and the threadfin breams of Indian waters are demersal. In North America these fish are called groundfish. They are mostly caught by trawls, longlines and gillnets set near the bottom. The collapse of the cod of the Grand Banks in the early 1990s is the best-known failure of a demersal fishery.