Brackish-water farming
Raising fish and shrimp in coastal ponds and lagoons where sea water mixes with fresh, such as the bheris of Bengal.
Also: bheri, pokkali
Brackish-water aquaculture uses coastal land where tides bring in salt water. In West Bengal, the bheris, wide shallow ponds on the edge of Kolkata and in the Sundarbans, raise fish and shrimp, and the East Kolkata Wetlands use the city's sewage to grow fish in a system recognised by the Ramsar Convention. In Kerala, pokkali rice fields alternate rice with prawns and fish. Milkfish, mullets, pearlspot, barramundi and tiger shrimp are typical species. Clearing mangroves for shrimp ponds has been a serious problem.