# EveryFish

> Every fish species in the world. A free guide to 177 fish, filed by group (shark, ray, carp, catfish, salmonid, herring, cod, tuna, perch, cichlid, reef, eel, flatfish, livebearer, ancient, other); water (freshwater, brackish, coastal, reef, ocean, deep, polar, cave, migratory); use (food, farmed, aquarium, sport, culture, dangerous, invasive, research); status (lc, nt, vu, en, cr, ex, dd); by size on a 0 to 5 scale (0 tiny, under 5 cm; 1 small, 5 to 20 cm; 2 medium, 20 to 60 cm; 3 large, 60 cm to 1.5 m; 4 very large, 1.5 to 4 m; 5 giant, 4 m and more); by families, region, country and date. With hubs, a calendar, a timeline, a world map and a glossary. Published by ClearTrust.

Each page gives: name, scientific name, described by, family, size, range, habitat, diet, lifespan, breeding, local names, iucn status, what it is, where it lives, how it lives, breeding and life cycle, fish and people, status and threats, relatives and look-alikes, a short FAQ, further reading and source links. Pages are derived from Wikipedia and Wikidata with AI assistance and may contain mistakes; cite the page URL.

## Browse
- [All fish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/species)
- [Timeline](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/timeline)
- [Fish places](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/places)
- [Regions](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/regions)
- [Countries](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/countries)
- [World map](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/map)
- [Sharks](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/groups/shark)
- [Rays and skates](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/groups/ray)
- [Carps and minnows](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/groups/carp)
- [Catfishes](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/groups/catfish)
- [Salmon and trout](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/groups/salmonid)
- [Herrings and sardines](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/groups/herring)
- [Cods and hakes](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/groups/cod)
- [Tunas and mackerels](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/groups/tuna)
- [Perches, basses and snappers](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/groups/perch)
- [Cichlids](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/groups/cichlid)
- [Reef fish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/groups/reef)
- [Eels](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/groups/eel)
- [Flatfish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/groups/flatfish)
- [Killifish and livebearers](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/groups/livebearer)
- [Ancient fish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/groups/ancient)
- [Other fish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/groups/other)
- [Rivers and lakes](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/waters/freshwater)
- [Estuaries and mangroves](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/waters/brackish)
- [Coasts and shelves](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/waters/coastal)
- [Coral reefs](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/waters/reef)
- [Open ocean](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/waters/ocean)
- [Deep sea](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/waters/deep)
- [Polar and cold seas](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/waters/polar)
- [Caves and springs](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/waters/cave)
- [Between sea and river](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/waters/migratory)
- [Food fish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/uses/food)
- [Farmed](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/uses/farmed)
- [Aquarium fish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/uses/aquarium)
- [Sport fishing](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/uses/sport)
- [Culture and faith](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/uses/culture)
- [Venomous or dangerous](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/uses/dangerous)
- [Invasive](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/uses/invasive)
- [Science and research](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/uses/research)
- [Least concern](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/status/lc)
- [Near threatened](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/status/nt)
- [Vulnerable](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/status/vu)
- [Endangered](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/status/en)
- [Critically endangered](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/status/cr)
- [Extinct or extinct in the wild](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/status/ex)
- [Data deficient or not assessed](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/status/dd)

## Live
- [Today](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/today): on this day, fish of the day
- [Calendar](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/calendar)
- [News](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/news)

## Learn
- [Concepts](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts)

## For agents
- [MCP server](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/mcp): Streamable HTTP, no key needed
- [JSON API](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/developers): GET https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/api/v1/<tool>
- [Sitemap](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/sitemap.xml)
- [How complete the catalogue is](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/coverage)

## Fish places
- [The Padma and Meghna at Chandpur](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/padma-meghna-chandpur): Where the Padma meets the Meghna, the heart of the hilsa fishery of Bangladesh, which lands most of the world's hilsa.
- [The Hooghly](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/hooghly): The Ganges distributary that runs past Kolkata to the sea, India's main hilsa river and home of the bhetki and topse.
- [The Sundarbans](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/sundarbans): The world's largest mangrove forest, on the Ganges delta in India and Bangladesh, a vast nursery for fish and shrimp.
- [East Kolkata Wetlands](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/east-kolkata-wetlands): Sewage-fed fish ponds on Kolkata's eastern edge, a Ramsar site where the city's waste water grows carps and tilapia.
- [The Ganges](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/ganges): India's great river, home of the wild Indian major carps, the goonch, the chital and the rare Ganges shark.
- [Corbett and the Ramganga](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/corbett-ramganga): The Himalayan foothill river inside Corbett National Park, famous for the golden mahseer and the giant goonch.
- [Western Ghats rivers and the Kaveri](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/western-ghats-kaveri): The fast hill rivers of the Western Ghats, home of the hump-backed mahseer of the Kaveri and many fish found nowhere else.
- [Chilika Lake](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/chilika-lake): India's largest coastal lagoon, on the Odisha coast, a brackish fishery for mullets, milkfish and prawns.
- [Vembanad and the Kerala backwaters](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/vembanad): Kerala's largest lake and the heart of its backwaters, home of the karimeen, the pearlspot.
- [Loktak Lake](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/loktak-lake): North-East India's largest freshwater lake, with floating islands called phumdis and a fishery hit by the Ithai barrage.
- [Kochi and the Chinese fishing nets](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/kochi): The shore-operated Chinese fishing nets of Fort Kochi, a busy fishing harbour and India's main marine fisheries institute.
- [Mangaluru fishing harbour](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/mangaluru): Karnataka's main fishing port, landing mackerel, sardine and seer fish for the coast's famous fish curries.
- [Ratnagiri and the Konkan coast](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/ratnagiri): The main fishing town of Maharashtra's Konkan coast, with the Mirkarwada harbour and a college of fisheries.
- [Sassoon Dock, Mumbai](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/sassoon-dock): Mumbai's oldest wet dock, at Colaba, where the Koli fishers land bombil, pomfret and surmai before dawn.
- [Veraval](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/veraval): One of India's largest fishing harbours, on the Saurashtra coast of Gujarat, landing ribbonfish, croakers and Bombay duck.
- [Kasimedu, Chennai](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/kasimedu): Chennai's busy fishing harbour and market at Royapuram, where vanjaram, the seer fish, is king.
- [Howrah wholesale fish market](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/howrah-fish-market): A huge wholesale fish market across the river from Kolkata, where carps arrive overnight by truck and rail.
- [Gariahat market, Kolkata](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/gariahat-market): A busy south Kolkata bazaar whose fish stalls show the full range of Bengali fish, from hilsa and rohu to pabda and koi.
- [ICAR-CIFA, Bhubaneswar](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/cifa-bhubaneswar): India's national research institute for freshwater fish farming, which bred the improved Jayanti rohu.
- [Lakshadweep](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/lakshadweep): India's coral atolls in the Arabian Sea, where islanders still catch skipjack tuna by pole and line.
- [The Andaman Islands](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/andaman-islands): India's richest coral reefs, in the Andaman Sea, with clownfish, humphead wrasse and large reef predators.
- [The Maldives](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/maldives): Coral atolls of the Indian Ocean with a pole and line tuna fishery and some of the world's best manta and whale shark sites.
- [The Great Barrier Reef](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/great-barrier-reef): The world's largest coral reef system, off Queensland, home to more than 1,500 fish species.
- [The Coral Triangle](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/coral-triangle): The seas of Indonesia, the Philippines, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Timor-Leste and Solomon Islands, richest in reef fish on Earth.
- [The Mekong and Tonle Sap](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/mekong-tonle-sap): The world's largest inland fishery, home of the Mekong giant catfish and the giant freshwater stingray.
- [Toyosu Market, Tokyo](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/toyosu-market): Tokyo's wholesale fish market since 2018, successor to Tsukiji and home of the New Year tuna auction.
- [Osaka Aquarium Kaiyukan](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/osaka-kaiyukan): A large aquarium on Osaka Bay built around the Pacific Rim, with a central tank holding whale sharks.
- [Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/okinawa-churaumi): The aquarium at Motobu, Okinawa, whose Kuroshio Sea tank holds whale sharks and manta rays.
- [Jagalchi Market, Busan](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/jagalchi-market): South Korea's largest seafood market, on Busan's waterfront, known for its women vendors and live fish tanks.
- [Sydney Fish Market](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/sydney-fish-market): The largest fish market in the Southern Hemisphere, on Blackwattle Bay in Sydney.
- [Lake Victoria](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/lake-victoria): Africa's largest lake, shared by Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania, where the introduced Nile perch transformed the fish life.
- [Lake Malawi](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/lake-malawi): The East African Rift lake with more fish species than any other lake, mostly cichlids found nowhere else.
- [Lake Tanganyika](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/lake-tanganyika): The world's longest freshwater lake and second deepest, with ancient cichlids and a sardine fishery.
- [The Sardine Run coast](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/sardine-run): South Africa's Wild Coast, where shoals of sardines move north each winter, followed by sharks, dolphins and gannets.
- [Ras Mohammed and the Red Sea](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/ras-mohammed): The southern tip of Sinai, Egypt's first national park, where Red Sea reefs drop into deep blue water.
- [The Amazon at Manaus](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/amazon-manaus): The world's richest river for fish, where the dark Rio Negro meets the muddy Solimoes, home of arapaima and piranhas.
- [The Sea of Cortez](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/sea-of-cortez): The Gulf of California, between Baja California and mainland Mexico, with whale sharks, mobulas and the totoaba.
- [The Galapagos Islands](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/galapagos): Volcanic islands on the equator in the Pacific, where cold and warm currents meet and hammerheads school by the hundred.
- [Monterey Bay Aquarium](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/monterey-bay-aquarium): The aquarium on Cannery Row in a former sardine cannery, known for its kelp forest and its Seafood Watch guide.
- [Georgia Aquarium](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/georgia-aquarium): An Atlanta aquarium whose Ocean Voyager tank is the only place in the United States that keeps whale sharks.
- [Pike Place Market, Seattle](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/pike-place-market): Seattle's public market since 1907, where fishmongers throw salmon across the counter.
- [Bristol Bay](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/bristol-bay): The south-west Alaska bay and rivers with the largest sockeye salmon run in the world.
- [The Columbia River at Bonneville](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/columbia-bonneville): The first big dam on the Columbia, where salmon climb fish ladders past windows that count every fish.
- [The Grand Banks of Newfoundland](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/grand-banks): Shallow banks off Newfoundland, once the richest cod grounds on Earth, closed after the cod collapsed in 1992.
- [The Sargasso Sea](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/sargasso-sea): A sea without shores in the western Atlantic, ringed by currents and floating seaweed, where Atlantic eels are born.
- [Billingsgate Fish Market](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/billingsgate): Britain's largest inland fish market, moved from the City of London to Poplar in 1982.
- [Grimsby](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/grimsby): Once among the world's largest fishing ports, now a centre of fish processing and traditional smoked fish.
- [Peterhead](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/peterhead): The largest fishing port in the United Kingdom by value, on Scotland's north-east coast.
- [Bergen](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/bergen): Norway's old Hanseatic port, with a waterfront fish market and the country's main marine research institute.
- [Lofoten](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/lofoten): Arctic islands where the skrei cod come to spawn each winter and are dried on wooden racks as stockfish.
- [The Caspian Sea and Volga delta](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/caspian-astrakhan): The world's largest inland water body, once the source of most of the world's wild caviar.
- [Lake Baikal](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/hub/lake-baikal): The world's deepest and oldest lake, in Siberia, home of the omul and the see-through golomyanka.

## Calendar
- [World Fisheries Day](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/events/world-fisheries-day): A day for the world's fishing communities and the fish stocks they depend on, first marked in New Delhi in 1997.
- [World Oceans Day](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/events/world-oceans-day): The United Nations day for the ocean, held on 8 June, with events at aquariums, beaches and reefs.
- [World Tuna Day](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/events/world-tuna-day): A United Nations day on 2 May for the tunas, among the most valuable and most fished fish in the world.
- [Shark Awareness Day](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/events/shark-awareness-day): A July day for learning about sharks, many of which are now threatened by fishing for their fins and meat.
- [International Whale Shark Day](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/events/international-whale-shark-day): A day on 30 August for the whale shark, the largest fish alive, which visits the coasts of Gujarat, the Philippines and Western Australia.
- [International Sawfish Day](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/events/international-sawfish-day): Held each 17 October since 2017 for the sawfishes, rays with a toothed snout and among the most threatened fish in the sea.
- [World Aquatic Animal Day](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/events/world-aquatic-animal-day): A day on 3 April for the fish and other animals that live in water, first held in 2020.
- [National Fish Farmers' Day](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/events/national-fish-farmers-day): India's day for fish farmers, marking the first induced breeding of Indian major carps by Hiralal Chaudhuri and K. H. Alikunhi.
- [World Fish Migration Day](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/events/world-fish-migration-day): A day held every two years for fish that travel along rivers and between river and sea, and for removing the barriers in their way.
- [Fisherman's Day](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/events/fishermans-day-russia): A professional holiday in Russia and several former Soviet states, held on the second Sunday of July.
- [Magh Bihu and Uruka community fishing](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/events/magh-bihu-fishing): The Assamese harvest festival, when villages fish their wetlands together on Uruka, the eve of Bhogali Bihu.
- [Matsya Jayanti](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/events/matsya-jayanti): The Hindu day honouring Matsya, the fish form of Vishnu, kept on the third day of the bright half of Chaitra.
- [Narali Purnima](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/events/narali-purnima): The Koli fisherfolk of the Konkan coast offer coconuts to the sea at the Shravan full moon, as the fishing season reopens.
- [Argungu Fishing Festival](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/events/argungu-fishing-festival): Tens of thousands of fishers plunge into the Matan Fada river in Kebbi State, Nigeria, to catch the largest fish by hand.
- [Burial of the Sardine](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/events/entierro-de-la-sardina): A mock funeral for a sardine that closes Carnival in many Spanish towns on Ash Wednesday.
- [Feast of Saint Anthony, Lisbon](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/events/santo-antonio-lisbon): On the night of 12 June the old quarters of Lisbon fill with street parties and grilled sardines for Santo António.
- [Vlaggetjesdag](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/events/vlaggetjesdag): Flag Day in the Dutch harbour of Scheveningen, welcoming the first new-season herring, the Hollandse Nieuwe.
- [Surströmming premiere](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/events/surstromming-premiere): The third Thursday of August, when Swedes open the first cans of the year's fermented Baltic herring.
- [Hwacheon Sancheoneo Ice Festival](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/events/hwacheon-sancheoneo-ice-festival): One of the world's largest ice fishing festivals, on a frozen stream in Gangwon Province, South Korea, each January.
- [Bangus Festival](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/events/bangus-festival): Dagupan in Pangasinan celebrates its milkfish farms with a month of events and a giant street grill.
- [Tuna Festival, General Santos](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/events/tuna-festival-general-santos): A week-long festival in the first week of September in the Philippines' tuna port, General Santos.
- [Cormorant fishing season on the Nagara River](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/events/nagara-cormorant-fishing): From 11 May to 15 October, fishing masters in Gifu work trained cormorants by firelight to catch ayu.
- [New Year tuna auction at Toyosu](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/events/toyosu-new-year-tuna-auction): The first auction of the year at Tokyo's Toyosu market, where a single bluefin tuna can fetch a record price.
- [Hilsa season in Bengal](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/events/hilsa-season): With the monsoon, hilsa swim from the Bay of Bengal up the Padma, Meghna and Hooghly to spawn, and the catch peaks.
- [Sardine run](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/events/sardine-run): In winter, vast shoals of sardines move up the east coast of South Africa, followed by sharks, dolphins and seabirds.
- [Grunion runs](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/events/grunion-run): On spring and summer nights after the full and new moons, grunion wriggle up the beaches of California to spawn in the sand.
- [Adams River sockeye run](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/events/adams-river-sockeye-run): In October, millions of red sockeye salmon return to spawn in the Adams River in British Columbia, with a peak every four years.
- [Bristol Bay sockeye run](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/events/bristol-bay-sockeye): The world's largest sockeye salmon run, peaking in early July in the rivers of Bristol Bay, southwest Alaska.
- [Whale shark season at Ningaloo](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/events/ningaloo-whale-shark-season): From about March to July, whale sharks gather off Ningaloo Reef in Western Australia to feed after the coral spawning.
- [Monsoon fishing ban, India's west coast](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/events/india-west-coast-monsoon-ban): From 1 June to 31 July, mechanised fishing stops off India's west coast while many fish spawn and the monsoon seas run high.
- [Fishing ban, India's east coast](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/events/india-east-coast-ban): From 15 April to 14 June, mechanised fishing stops off India's east coast and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
- [Mother hilsa fishing ban, Bangladesh](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/events/bangladesh-mother-hilsa-ban): For 22 days around the full moon of Ashwin, Bangladesh bans catching, selling and moving hilsa so the spawners can breed.
- [Jatka ban, Bangladesh](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/events/bangladesh-jatka-ban): From November to June, Bangladesh bans catching jatka, young hilsa under 25 cm, with full closures of river sanctuaries in spring.
- [Summer fishing moratorium, China](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/events/china-summer-fishing-moratorium): From noon on 1 May, China stops most fishing in its seas for three to four and a half months, the world's largest seasonal closure.
- [Seafood Expo North America](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/events/seafood-expo-north-america): North America's largest seafood trade show, held each March in Boston.
- [Seafood Expo Global](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/events/seafood-expo-global): The world's largest seafood trade fair, held each April at Fira de Barcelona.
- [Aqua Nor](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/events/aqua-nor): A large aquaculture technology exhibition, held in Trondheim, Norway, in August of odd-numbered years.
- [Interzoo](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/events/interzoo): The world's largest pet trade fair, held in Nuremberg every two years, with large halls for aquariums and ornamental fish.

## Concepts
- **Dorsal fin**: The fin on a fish's back, which keeps it upright and stops it rolling as it swims. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/dorsal-fin)
- **Pectoral fin**: The paired fins just behind the gills, used for steering, braking and, in some fish, walking or gliding. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/pectoral-fin)
- **Pelvic fin**: The paired fins on the belly, matching the hind legs of land animals, used for balance and steering. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/pelvic-fin)
- **Anal fin**: The single fin on the underside behind the vent, which steadies a fish from below. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/anal-fin)
- **Caudal fin**: The tail fin, which drives most fish forwards with side-to-side strokes. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/caudal-fin)
- **Heterocercal tail**: A tail with a longer upper lobe that holds the end of the backbone, as in sharks and sturgeons. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/heterocercal-tail)
- **Adipose fin**: A small fleshy fin without rays on the back near the tail, found in salmon, trout, catfish and characins. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/adipose-fin)
- **Fin rays and spines**: The thin bony rods that hold a fin open; soft rays are jointed and flexible, spines are stiff and often sharp. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/fin-ray)
- **Body shape**: How a fish's outline fits its life: torpedo-shaped for speed, flattened side to side for reefs, flat top to bottom for the sea floor. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/body-shape)
- **Eye migration in flatfish**: As a young sole or plaice grows, one eye moves across the head so that both end up on the upper side. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/flatfish-eye-migration)
- **Scales**: Thin plates of bone and enamel-like tissue that overlap like roof tiles to protect a fish's skin. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/scales)
- **Cycloid and ctenoid scales**: The two main scale types of bony fish: smooth-edged cycloid scales and comb-edged ctenoid scales. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/cycloid-and-ctenoid-scales)
- **Placoid scales**: The tiny tooth-like scales of sharks and rays, each with a core of dentine and a hard enamel-like cap. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/placoid-scales)
- **Ganoid scales**: Thick, diamond-shaped scales with a glassy coat called ganoine, worn as armour by gars and bichirs. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/ganoid-scales)
- **Slime coat**: The layer of mucus over a fish's skin that cuts drag and keeps out parasites and germs. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/mucus-coat)
- **Gills**: The feathery organs behind the head where a fish takes oxygen from water and gives off carbon dioxide. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/gills)
- **Operculum**: The bony flap that covers and protects the gills of a bony fish. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/operculum)
- **Gill rakers**: Bony or comb-like points on the inside of the gill arches that keep food in and, in filter feeders, strain plankton. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/gill-rakers)
- **Spiracle**: A small opening behind the eye of rays, skates and many sharks that lets them draw in water while resting on the bottom. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/spiracle)
- **Labyrinth organ**: A folded chamber above the gills that lets bettas, gouramis and climbing perch breathe air from the surface. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/labyrinth-organ)
- **Swim bladder**: A gas-filled sac inside many bony fish that lets them float at a chosen depth without swimming. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/swim-bladder)
- **Lungs in fish**: Lungfish and bichirs have true lungs; African lungfish can survive dry seasons buried in mud. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/lungfish-breathing)
- **Weberian apparatus**: A chain of small bones linking the swim bladder to the inner ear, which gives carps, catfish and tetras sharp hearing. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/weberian-apparatus)
- **Lateral line**: A line of sense organs along each side of a fish that feels movement and pressure changes in the water. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/lateral-line)
- **Otolith**: A small stone of calcium carbonate in a fish's inner ear, used for balance and hearing, and by scientists to age fish. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/otolith)
- **Barbel**: A fleshy whisker near the mouth, covered in taste buds, that catfish, carps and cod use to find food. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/barbel)
- **Electroreception**: The ability to sense weak electric fields, which sharks and rays use to find prey hidden in sand. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/electroreception)
- **Electric organ**: Muscle turned into living batteries, used by electric eels, torpedo rays and knifefish to stun prey or sense their surroundings. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/electric-organ)
- **Pharyngeal teeth**: Teeth in the throat, behind the gills' arches, that carps and cichlids use to crush and grind food. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/pharyngeal-teeth)
- **Photophore**: A light-making organ in the skin of lanternfish, hatchetfish and many other deep-sea fish. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/photophore)
- **Jawless fish**: Lampreys and hagfish, the only living fish without jaws, survivors of the earliest branch of fish. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/jawless-fish)
- **Cartilaginous fish**: Sharks, rays, skates and chimaeras, whose skeletons are made of cartilage rather than bone. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/cartilaginous-fish)
- **Elasmobranch**: A shark, ray or skate: the main branch of the cartilaginous fish, with five to seven gill slits on each side. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/elasmobranch)
- **Bony fish**: Fish with skeletons of bone: the ray-finned and lobe-finned fish, which make up almost all living fish species. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/bony-fish)
- **Ray-finned fish**: Fish whose fins are webs of skin held up by thin bony rays, the group that includes about 99 per cent of fish species. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/ray-finned-fish)
- **Lobe-finned fish**: Fish with fleshy, bony fins like stumpy limbs: the coelacanths and lungfish, close relatives of the first land animals. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/lobe-finned-fish)
- **Teleost**: The huge group of modern bony fish with a movable upper jaw and a symmetrical tail, about 96 per cent of all fish species. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/teleost)
- **Living fossil**: A popular name for a living species that looks much like its relatives in very old fossils, such as the coelacanth. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/living-fossil)
- **Model organism**: A species studied in depth in laboratories to answer general questions in biology, such as the zebrafish and medaka. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/research-fish)
- **Ichthyology**: The scientific study of fish, from their anatomy, behaviour and evolution to their naming and conservation. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/ichthyology)
- **Taxonomy and scientific names**: The naming of species with a two-part Latin name, such as Tenualosa ilisha for the hilsa, followed by who named it and when. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/taxonomy)
- **Species**: A group of living things that can breed with each other and are distinct from other such groups; about 36,000 fish species are known. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/species)
- **Holotype**: The single preserved specimen that a species name is based on, kept in a museum as the reference. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/holotype)
- **Cryptic species**: Two or more species that look so alike they were long taken for one, often told apart only by DNA. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/cryptic-species)
- **FishBase**: A free global online database of fish species, with facts on their names, size, range, biology and uses. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/fishbase)
- **Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes**: The authoritative database of fish names, kept by the California Academy of Sciences, that records every valid species and genus. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/catalog-of-fishes)
- **Environmental DNA**: Traces of DNA that fish shed into water, which scientists collect and read to learn which species live there. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/environmental-dna)
- **Fish tagging**: Fixing a marker or electronic tag to a fish to follow where it goes, how deep it dives and how fast it grows. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/fish-tagging)
- **Cold-blooded**: Most fish take on the temperature of the water around them, so their activity rises and falls with it. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/ectotherm)
- **Warm-bodied fish**: Tuna, some sharks and swordfish keep parts of their body warmer than the water, which gives them speed and range. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/regional-endothermy)
- **Antifreeze proteins**: Molecules in the blood of polar fish that stop ice crystals from growing, letting them live in water below zero. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/antifreeze-proteins)
- **Osmoregulation**: How a fish keeps the right balance of salt and water in its body, whether it lives in fresh or salt water. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/osmoregulation)
- **Euryhaline**: Able to live in a wide range of saltiness, from fresh water to the sea; stenohaline fish tolerate only a narrow range. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/euryhaline)
- **Sexual dimorphism**: Differences in size, shape or colour between males and females of the same species. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/sexual-dimorphism)
- **Sex change in fish**: Some fish change sex during their lives: clownfish from male to female, many groupers and wrasses from female to male. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/sequential-hermaphroditism)
- **Lifespan of fish**: How long fish live varies hugely, from a few weeks for some gobies to around 400 years for the Greenland shark. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/lifespan)
- **Anadromous**: Living mostly in the sea but swimming up rivers to spawn, as salmon, hilsa, shad and many sturgeons do. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/anadromous)
- **Catadromous**: Living in fresh water but going down to the sea to spawn, as freshwater eels do. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/catadromous)
- **Diadromous**: The general word for fish that move between fresh and salt water during their lives. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/diadromous)
- **Potamodromous**: Migrating within fresh water, between parts of a river or between a lake and its rivers, as mahseer and many carps do. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/potamodromous)
- **Fish ladder**: A channel of steps or pools built beside a dam or weir so that migrating fish can swim past it. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/fish-ladder)
- **Diel vertical migration**: The daily movement of fish and plankton from the deep sea up to the surface at night and back down at dawn. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/diel-vertical-migration)
- **Spawning**: The release of eggs and sperm, usually into the water, for fish to breed. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/spawning)
- **Roe**: The mass of eggs inside a female fish, eaten in many cuisines, from Bengali ilish roe to caviar. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/roe)
- **Milt**: The fluid of sperm that male fish release over the eggs during spawning; also eaten as soft roe. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/milt)
- **Redd**: A shallow nest a female salmon or trout digs in river gravel with her tail to lay her eggs. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/redd)
- **Egg-laying fish**: Most fish lay eggs that hatch outside the body, either scattered in the water or laid on plants, rocks or nests. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/egg-laying)
- **Livebearing**: Giving birth to live young rather than laying eggs, as guppies, mollies and many sharks do. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/livebearing)
- **Gonopodium**: A male livebearer's anal fin reshaped into a rod that passes sperm into the female. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/gonopodium)
- **Mouthbrooding**: Carrying eggs and young in the mouth to protect them, as many cichlids, arowanas and cardinalfish do. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/mouthbrooding)
- **Parental care in fish**: Guarding eggs and young: building nests, fanning eggs, carrying them in the mouth or on the body. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/parental-care)
- **Fish larva**: The tiny early stage of a fish after hatching, often transparent and very unlike the adult. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/larva)
- **Fry**: A young fish that has used up its yolk and started feeding itself; in Indian fish farming, the stage after spawn. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/fry)
- **Fingerling**: A young fish about the length of a finger, the size at which farms stock ponds and hatcheries release fish into rivers. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/fingerling)
- **Smolt**: A young salmon that has turned silver and is ready to leave its home river for the sea. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/smolt)
- **Shoal and school**: A shoal is any group of fish that stay together; a school is a shoal swimming in step, all facing the same way. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/shoal)
- **Schooling**: Swimming in a tight, coordinated group, which helps fish avoid predators, find food and save energy. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/schooling)
- **Bait ball**: A tight sphere that sardines or anchovies form when attacked from all sides by predators. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/bait-ball)
- **Cleaner fish**: Small fish that eat parasites and dead skin off larger fish, which visit their cleaning stations on the reef. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/cleaner-fish)
- **Symbiosis**: A close relationship between two species living together, such as the clownfish and its sea anemone. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/symbiosis)
- **Countershading**: Being dark on the back and pale on the belly, which hides a fish from predators looking down or up. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/countershading)
- **Camouflage and mimicry**: Looking like something else, such as sand, weed or a more dangerous fish, to hide from predators or prey. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/camouflage)
- **Biofluorescence**: Absorbing blue light and glowing back in green, red or orange, seen in many sharks, eels and reef fish. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/biofluorescence)
- **Bioluminescence**: Making light by a chemical reaction, which most deep-sea fish do to hunt, hide or signal in the dark. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/bioluminescence)
- **Venomous fish**: Fish that inject venom through spines or teeth, such as stonefish, lionfish, stingrays and some catfish. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/venomous-fish)
- **Tetrodotoxin**: A strong nerve poison found in pufferfish, which is why fugu in Japan may only be prepared by licensed chefs. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/tetrodotoxin)
- **Ciguatera**: Food poisoning from eating reef fish that have built up toxins from tiny algae living on corals. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/ciguatera)
- **Apex predator**: A hunter at the top of its food chain with few or no natural enemies as an adult, such as the great white shark. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/apex-predator)
- **Food web and trophic level**: The web of who eats whom; a fish's trophic level is how many steps it sits above plants and algae. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/trophic-cascade)
- **Filter feeding**: Feeding by straining tiny plankton from the water, as whale sharks, manta rays, sardines and silver carp do. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/filter-feeding)
- **Plant-eating fish**: Fish that eat algae and plants, such as parrotfish, surgeonfish and grass carp, which keep reefs and ponds clear. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/herbivorous-fish)
- **Plankton**: Tiny plants and animals that drift in the water and feed most fish, at least when they are young. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/plankton)
- **Species flock**: Many closely related species that evolved from a few ancestors in one place, like the cichlids of the African Great Lakes. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/species-flock)
- **Endemic species**: A species found naturally in only one place, such as one lake, one river system or one island. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/endemic)
- **Invasive species**: A fish moved by people outside its natural range that spreads and harms native wildlife or people's livelihoods. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/invasive-species)
- **Benthic**: Living on or in the bottom of the sea, a lake or a river, as flatfish, rays, gobies and many catfish do. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/benthic)
- **Demersal**: Living near the bottom, though not always on it, as cod, haddock, croakers and snappers do. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/demersal)
- **Pelagic**: Living in open water away from the bottom, as tuna, sardines, mackerel and flying fish do. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/pelagic)
- **Coral reef**: A ridge built by colonies of tiny coral animals in warm, clear, shallow seas, home to about a quarter of marine fish species. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/coral-reef)
- **Coral bleaching**: When heat stress makes corals expel the algae that feed and colour them, leaving them white and starving. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/coral-bleaching)
- **Twilight zone**: The dim layer of the ocean from about 200 to 1,000 metres deep, home to lanternfish and bristlemouths. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/mesopelagic)
- **Deep sea**: The cold, dark ocean below about 1,000 metres, down to the trenches, where fish live under huge pressure. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/deep-sea)
- **Polar fish**: Fish of the Arctic and Southern Oceans, adapted to water near minus 2 degrees Celsius. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/polar-seas)
- **Cave fish**: Fish that live their whole lives in underground water and have often lost their eyes and colour. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/cave-fish)
- **Estuary**: The place where a river meets the sea, where fresh and salt water mix, rich in food and young fish. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/estuary)
- **Mangrove**: Salt-tolerant trees of tropical coasts whose tangled roots shelter young fish, crabs and prawns. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/mangrove)
- **Upwelling**: Cold, nutrient-rich water rising from the deep to the surface, feeding plankton and some of the world's biggest fisheries. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/upwelling)
- **Hypoxia**: Water with too little dissolved oxygen for most fish, often caused by pollution or warm, still conditions. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/hypoxia)
- **Warming seas and fish**: As water warms, many fish shift towards the poles or deeper water, and some stocks shrink. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/climate-change-fish)
- **IUCN Red List**: The world's main list of how close species are to extinction, kept by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/iucn-red-list)
- **CITES**: The treaty that controls international trade in threatened wildlife, including sharks, rays, sturgeon, eels and seahorses. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/cites)
- **Marine protected area**: A part of the sea where fishing and other uses are limited or banned so that fish and habitats can recover. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/marine-protected-area)
- **Overfishing**: Catching fish faster than they can breed and grow, so that a stock shrinks below the level that gives the best long-term catch. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/overfishing)
- **Maximum sustainable yield**: The largest catch that can be taken from a fish stock year after year without shrinking it. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/maximum-sustainable-yield)
- **Stock assessment**: A scientific estimate of how many fish of one species are in an area, how fast they grow and how hard they are fished. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/stock-assessment)
- **Fishing quota**: A limit on how much of a fish species may be caught in a year, often shared out among countries or boats. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/fishing-quota)
- **Closed season**: A period when fishing is banned, often timed to spawning; India bans mechanised sea fishing for 61 days each monsoon. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/fishing-ban)
- **IUU fishing**: Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, which undermines rules meant to keep fish stocks healthy. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/iuu-fishing)
- **Bycatch**: Fish and other animals caught by accident while fishing for something else, often thrown back dead. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/bycatch)
- **Ghost nets**: Lost or abandoned fishing nets and traps that keep catching fish and other animals for years. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/ghost-nets)
- **Small-scale fishing**: Fishing by individuals, families and villages from small boats or the shore, which employs most of the world's fishers. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/small-scale-fishing)
- **Trawling**: Towing a large cone-shaped net behind a boat, either along the sea floor or through open water. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/trawling)
- **Purse seine**: A long wall of net set around a school of fish and drawn shut at the bottom like a drawstring purse. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/purse-seine)
- **Gillnet**: A wall of fine net that fish swim into and are caught by the gills; the mesh size decides the size of fish caught. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/gillnet)
- **Longline**: A main fishing line, sometimes tens of kilometres long, with thousands of baited hooks on short side lines. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/longline)
- **Pole and line**: Catching tuna one at a time with poles and hooks as a school feeds at the surface, with very little bycatch. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/pole-and-line)
- **Fish aggregating device**: A floating or anchored object that attracts open-sea fish, used to make tuna easier to find and catch. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/fish-aggregating-device)
- **Angling**: Fishing with a rod, line and hook, for food or for sport; fly fishing uses a light, feathered lure cast on a heavy line. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/angling)
- **Catch and release**: Returning a caught fish alive to the water, common in sport fishing for mahseer, salmon, bass and billfish. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/catch-and-release)
- **Aquaculture**: Raising fish, shellfish and water plants in ponds, tanks or cages; it now supplies more than half of aquatic animals eaten. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/aquaculture)
- **Indian major carps**: Catla, rohu and mrigal, the three native river carps that are the backbone of fish farming in India and Bangladesh. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/indian-major-carps)
- **Composite fish culture**: Stocking several carp species in one pond so that each feeds at a different level, making full use of the pond's food. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/composite-fish-culture)
- **Induced breeding**: Making farmed fish spawn by injecting hormones; India's first success with carps, in 1957, freed farmers from river-caught seed. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/induced-breeding)
- **Hatchery**: A place where fish are bred and their eggs hatched and young raised, to stock farms or rivers. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/hatchery)
- **Brackish-water farming**: Raising fish and shrimp in coastal ponds and lagoons where sea water mixes with fresh, such as the bheris of Bengal. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/brackish-farming)
- **Mariculture**: Farming fish and shellfish in the sea, often in floating net cages, as with salmon in Norway or cobia in India. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/mariculture)
- **Recirculating aquaculture system**: A closed tank farm that cleans and reuses its water, letting fish be raised indoors with little water and space. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/recirculating-aquaculture)
- **Blue Revolution**: India's name for the drive to raise fish production through farming, hatcheries, harbours and cold chains. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/blue-revolution)
- **Aquarium**: A tank of water in which fish and other water life are kept, at home or in a public aquarium. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/aquarium)
- **Nitrogen cycle (aquarium)**: The process by which bacteria in a filter turn toxic fish waste, ammonia, into nitrite and then into much safer nitrate. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/nitrogen-cycle)
- **Biotope aquarium**: A tank set up to copy one natural habitat, with only the fish, plants and water of that place. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/biotope-aquarium)
- **Selective breeding**: Breeding fish for chosen traits over many generations, which gave us fancy goldfish, koi, show guppies and bettas. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/selective-breeding)
- **White spot disease**: A common fish disease caused by a parasite that shows as tiny white dots on the skin and fins. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/white-spot-disease)
- **Public aquarium**: A large aquarium open to visitors, often also a research and conservation centre. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/public-aquarium)
- **Caviar**: The salted roe of sturgeon, once mainly from the wild beluga and other sturgeons of the Caspian Sea, now mostly farmed. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/caviar)
- **Surimi**: A paste of minced, washed fish flesh shaped into products such as kamaboko and imitation crab sticks. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/surimi)
- **Dried and cured fish**: Fish preserved by drying, salting, smoking or fermenting, from Bengali shutki and dried bombil to Norway's stockfish. (https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/concepts/dried-fish)

## Fish
- [Great white shark](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/great-white-shark) (1758): A large, globally distributed predator known for its size and apex status in marine ecosystems.
- [Nile tilapia](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/nile-tilapia) (1758), Egypt: A hardy cichlid farmed globally for food.
- [Rohu](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/rohu), India: A large silver carp from South Asian rivers, farmed for food and prized as a game fish.
- [Sea lamprey](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/sea-lamprey) (1758), United States: A jawless, parasitic fish native to the Northern Hemisphere that attacks other fish.
- [Nile perch](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/nile-perch): Large freshwater predator native to Africa, now invasive in many lakes.
- [African sharptooth catfish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/clarias-gariepinus), South Africa: Large airbreathing catfish farmed across Africa and Asia
- [Milkfish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/milkfish), Philippines: The sole living species of the family Chanidae, found across the Indo-Pacific.
- [Sockeye salmon](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/sockeye-salmon) (1792), United States: Anadromous Pacific salmon known for red spawning colour and zooplankton diet.
- [Common fangtooth](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/anoplogaster-cornuta) (1833): A small, black deep-sea fish with large fangs found worldwide.
- [Silver dollar](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/silver-dollar): Round, silver tropical fish related to piranhas, popular in aquariums.
- [Hairy angler](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/caulophryne-polynema) (1930): A deep-sea anglerfish with thread-like fins found in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
- [Viperfish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/viperfish) (1801): Deep-sea fish with fang-like teeth and bioluminescent lures in the genus Chauliodus.
- [Stoplight loosejaw](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/stoplight-loosejaw) (1848): Deep-sea dragonfish that hunts with invisible red light.
- [Lungfish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/lungfish), Australia: Ancient freshwater fish that breathe air and have lobed fins.
- [Sterlet](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/sterlet) (1758), Russia: A small Eurasian sturgeon found in rivers flowing to the Black, Azov, and Caspian seas.
- [Lake sturgeon](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/lake-sturgeon), United States: A large, long-lived freshwater fish native to North America.
- [Atlantic sturgeon](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/atlantic-sturgeon), United States: A large anadromous fish native to the western Atlantic Ocean and its river systems.
- [Shortnose sturgeon](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/shortnose-sturgeon) (1818), United States: A small, endangered North American sturgeon with a short snout.
- [Kaluga](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/kaluga) (1872), Russia: A massive semi-anadromous sturgeon from the Amur River basin hunted for caviar.
- [Shovelnose sturgeon](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/shovelnose-sturgeon) (1820), United States: Smallest North American freshwater sturgeon, known for its shovel-shaped snout and caviar production.
- [Pallid sturgeon](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/pallid-sturgeon) (1905), United States: An endangered North American sturgeon species native to the Missouri and Mississippi river basins.
- [Longnose gar](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/longnose-gar) (1758), United States: A primitive ray-finned fish with a long snout and armored scales found in North America.
- [Tropical gar](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/tropical-gar), Mexico: A small freshwater predator from Central America known for its armored scales and air-breathing ability.
- [Gar](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/gar) (1758), United States: Ancient armored fish with lung-like swim bladders found in North American waters.
- [Saddled bichir](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/polypterus-endlicherii) (1845), Benin: A large African freshwater fish with primitive lungs and multiple dorsal finlets.
- [Bichir](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/bichir): Ancient African ray-finned fish with multiple dorsal finlets and lung-like air breathing organs.
- [Lamprey](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/lamprey): Jawless fish with a sucking mouth found in temperate waters worldwide.
- [Mooneye](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/mooneye) (1819), United States: A family of large-eyed North American fish known for their metallic eye shine.
- [Megalodon](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/megalodon) (1843): Extinct giant mackerel shark from the Miocene to Pliocene epochs.
- [Cladoselache](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/cladoselache), United States: Extinct Late Devonian shark-like fish known for well-preserved fossils and streamlined body.
- [Guiyu oneiros](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/guiyu-oneiros) (2009): An early bony fish fossil from the Silurian period of China.
- [Mawsonia](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/mawsonia) (1907), Brazil: Extinct giant coelacanth from the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.
- [Stethacanthus](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/stethacanthus) (1874), United States: Extinct Devonian-Carboniferous shark with a distinctive anvil-shaped dorsal fin.
- [Knightia](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/knightia) (1856), United States: Extinct herring-like fish from the Green River Formation, famous for its abundant fossils.
- [African tigerfish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/hydrocynus-vittatus) (1861), Botswana: Predatory freshwater fish known for sharp teeth and leaping hunting behaviour.
- [Gymnarchus](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/gymnarchus) (1829), Nigeria: African electric fish with a long dorsal fin used for swimming and sensing prey.
- [Silver cyprinid](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/silver-cyprinid), Uganda: A small pelagic fish from Lake Victoria that supports regional food security.
- [Leopard bush fish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/leopard-bush-fish): A freshwater labyrinth fish from the Congo River basin kept in home aquariums.
- [Nile bichir](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/polypterus-bichir), Senegal: An ancient African fish with lungs and armour-like scales.
- [Nangnang fish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/nangnang-fish), Uganda: A small freshwater fish from the Nile basin, prized as a fried snack in Uganda.
- [Ripon barbel](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/ripon-barbel) (1900), Kenya: A large freshwater cyprinid from East African lakes and rivers.
- [Synodontis](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/synodontis): A large African genus of spotted catfish known for squeaking sounds and belly-up swimming.
- [Haplochromis](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/haplochromis) (1888): A large ray-finned fish genus from East Africa known for rapid evolution and aquarium popularity.
- [Malawi eyebiter](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/malawi-eyebiter), Malawi: Predatory cichlid from Lake Malawi known for its narrow body and unique feeding habits.
- [Largemouth bass](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/largemouth-bass) (1802), United States: A large freshwater predator native to North America, prized by anglers and invasive in many regions.
- [Spotted bass](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/spotted-bass), United States: A North American freshwater fish known for dark spots below its lateral line.
- [Guadalupe bass](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/guadalupe-bass), United States: A rare Texas endemic black bass prized by anglers for its fighting spirit.
- [Pumpkinseed](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/pumpkinseed) (1793), United States: A small freshwater fish native to eastern North America, known for its bright colours and red ear flap.
- [Black crappie](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/black-crappie) (1856), United States: A spotted freshwater sunfish native to North America, prized by anglers for its sport and table fare.
- [Green sunfish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/green-sunfish), United States: A small, aggressive freshwater fish native to North America, known for its blue-green colour and invasive potential in n
- [Sauger](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/sauger) (1834), United States: A freshwater perch species native to North American rivers.
- [Muskellunge](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/muskellunge), United States: Large freshwater predatory fish native to North America and the largest member of the pike family.
- [Redeye piranha](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/redeye-piranha) (1766), Suriname: A large freshwater fish from South America with a rhombus-shaped body and red eyes.
- [Tambaqui](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/tambaqui), Brazil: A large freshwater fish from South America known for its heavy body and seed-eating habits.
- [Wolf fish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/hoplias-malabaricus), Brazil: A predatory freshwater ray-finned fish found across Central and South America.
- [Desert pupfish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/desert-pupfish) (1853), United States: Small desert fish that survives extreme heat and salt
- [Mexican tetra](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/mexican-tetra), United States: A freshwater characin with surface and blind cave forms, studied for evolutionary biology.
- [White sucker](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/white-sucker) (1803), United States: A common North American freshwater cypriniform fish with fleshy lips used for bottom feeding.
- [Bigmouth buffalo](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/bigmouth-buffalo), Canada: A long-lived North American freshwater fish known for its terminal mouth and exceptional lifespan.
- [Delta smelt](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/delta-smelt) (1963), United States: A tiny, endangered fish native to California's Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta.
- [Leporinus](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/leporinus): South American freshwater fish genus in the Anostomidae family
- [Schelly](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/schelly), United Kingdom: Rare whitefish of the English Lake District
- [Tecopa pupfish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/tecopa-pupfish) (1948), United States: Extinct subspecies of killifish from California hot springs.
- [Giant oceanic manta ray](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/giant-oceanic-manta-ray) (1827): The world's largest ray, a massive filter-feeding predator of tropical oceans.
- [Coelacanth](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/coelacanth) (1839), South Africa: Ancient lobe-finned fish thought extinct until rediscovered in the twentieth century.
- [Whale shark](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/whale-shark) (1829), South Africa: The largest living fish species, a gentle giant of tropical oceans.
- [American paddlefish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/american-paddlefish) (1792), United States: Ancient freshwater fish with a sensory snout and filter-feeding habits.
- [Northern cavefish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/northern-cavefish), United States: A blind fish living in caves of Kentucky and Indiana
- [Baikal black grayling](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/thymallus-baicalensis), Russia: A Siberian freshwater salmonid found in Lake Baikal and surrounding river systems.
- [Comephorus](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/comephorus) (1800), Russia: Two species of pelagic sculpins endemic to Lake Baikal in Russia.
- [Chinese hooksnout carp](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/opsariichthys-bidens), China: A small freshwater minnow native to East and Southeast Asia.
- [Siamese tigerfish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/siamese-tigerfish) (1998), Thailand: A critically endangered freshwater perch from Indochina.
- [Cuban gar](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/cuban-gar), Cuba: Large tropical freshwater predator native to western Cuba.
- [Banded leporinus](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/leporinus-fasciatus), Brazil: A striped freshwater fish from the Amazon kept in home tanks and occasionally caught by anglers.
- [Caspian roach](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/caspian-roach), Russia: A brackish water fish from the Caspian Sea region, widely consumed as a dried snack.
- [Snakehead](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/snakehead): Elongated freshwater predators with air-breathing organs found in Asia and Africa.
- [Arapaima](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/arapaima-gigas), Brazil: Large freshwater fish from the Amazon basin known for its size and air-breathing ability.
- [Pupfish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/pupfish), United States: Small killifish known for surviving in extreme isolated waters.
- [Streber](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/streber), Austria: A small freshwater perch found in fast-flowing European rivers.
- [Sabre carp](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/pelecus), Russia: A silvery surface feeder from Eastern Europe and Asia.
- [Gwyniad](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/gwyniad) (1848), United Kingdom: Rare whitefish found only in one Welsh lake
- [Zingel](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/zingel-zingel) (1766), Germany: A fast-water perch from southeastern Europe.
- [Ferox trout](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/ferox-trout) (1835), United Kingdom: Large predatory trout native to deep glacial lakes in Britain and Ireland.
- [Zebrafish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/zebrafish), India: Small striped fish from South Asia kept in aquariums and labs
- [Marine hatchetfish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/marine-hatchetfish): Small deep-sea fish with a distinctive compressed body shape and bioluminescent camouflage.
- [West Indian Ocean coelacanth](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/west-indian-ocean-coelacanth) (1938), South Africa: Rare deep-sea fish with blue scales and limb-like fins.
- [West African lungfish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/west-african-lungfish), Senegal: Air-breathing freshwater fish from Africa
- [Indonesian coelacanth](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/indonesian-coelacanth) (1999), Indonesia: A rare brown deep-sea fish found in Indonesian waters.
- [Siberian sturgeon](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/siberian-sturgeon), Russia: Large freshwater sturgeon native to Siberian rivers
- [Featherbacks and knifefishes](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/notopteridae): Freshwater bony-tongued fishes with long anal fins
- [Three-spined stickleback](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/three-spined-stickleback): Small northern fish known for rapid evolution and complex breeding.
- [Ninespine stickleback](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/ninespine-stickleback): Small freshwater fish with variable spines found across the Northern Hemisphere.
- [European bullhead](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/european-bullhead): Small freshwater sculpin found in European rivers and streams.
- [Giant snakehead](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/channa-micropeltes): A large freshwater predator from Southeast Asia known for air breathing and invasive potential.
- [Siamese mud carp](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/siamese-mud-carp), Thailand: Freshwater cyprinid native to Mekong and Chao Phraya rivers
- [Mandarin fish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/siniperca-chuatsi) (1855), China: Freshwater predatory perch native to East Asia
- [Mariana snailfish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/pseudoliparis-swirei) (2017): A deep-sea fish from the Mariana Trench with transparent skin and large eggs.
- [Sabertooth fish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/sabertooth-fish): Small deep-sea aulopiforms with large recurved teeth and tubular eyes.
- [Atlantic footballfish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/himantolophus-groenlandicus) (1837): Deep-sea anglerfish with a glowing lure
- [Titicaca orestias](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/titicaca-orestias), Peru: Largest killifish of Lake Titicaca, likely extinct.
- [Senegal bichir](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/polypterus-senegalus), Senegal: Ancient African fish that breathes air and walks on land
- [Aphyosemion](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/aphyosemion): A large genus of small African killifish kept in home aquariums.
- [Hoplias aimara](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/hoplias-aimara) (1846), Brazil: A large freshwater predator from South America known for its size and mercury accumulation.
- [Mormyrus](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/mormyrus) (1758): A genus of weakly electric freshwater fish known for their elongated snouts.
- [Marbled lungfish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/marbled-lungfish), Angola: African lungfish with the largest known animal genome, found in East and Central Africa.
- [Cretoxyrhina](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/cretoxyrhina) (1822): Extinct Cretaceous mackerel shark known as the Ginsu shark
- [Snailfish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/snailfish) (1861): A family of marine ray-finned fishes found from shallow coasts to the deepest ocean trenches.
- [Electric eel](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/electric-eel) (1766), Brazil: Neotropical freshwater fish capable of generating powerful electric shocks for hunting and defence.
- [Chinese paddlefish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/chinese-paddlefish) (1862), China: A giant freshwater predator from China that is now extinct.
- [Goldeye](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/goldeye), Canada: A silver freshwater fish known for its smoked culinary form.
- [Australian lungfish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/australian-lungfish) (1871), Australia: Ancient air-breathing fish endemic to Queensland rivers, known for its longevity and living fossil status.
- [Sacabambaspis](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/sacabambaspis) (1986), Bolivia: Extinct armored jawless fish from the Ordovician period of Gondwana.
- [Lake chub](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/lake-chub), Canada: A small cold-water minnow native to Canada and the northern US.
- [European mudminnow](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/european-mudminnow), Austria: Small freshwater fish from Central and Eastern Europe
- [Green sturgeon](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/green-sturgeon), United States: A large anadromous fish native to the northern Pacific Ocean.
- [Bluegill](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/bluegill) (1854), United States: A common North American sunfish known for its blue gill covers and popularity with anglers.
- [Basking shark](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/basking-shark) (1765): The second-largest living fish, a slow-moving filter feeder found in temperate oceans worldwide.
- [Amur pike](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/amur-pike): A spotted freshwater pike native to east Asia.
- [Leedsichthys](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/leedsichthys) (1889), United Kingdom: Extinct Jurassic giant filter-feeding fish, the largest known bony fish.
- [Burbot](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/burbot) (1758), Russia: A coldwater freshwater fish with a chin whisker, native to the Northern Hemisphere.
- [Ruffe](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/ruffe) (1758), Russia: A small, aggressive freshwater fish native to Eurasia that has become a major invasive pest in North America.
- [Arapaima](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/arapaima) (1822), Brazil: Giant air-breathing freshwater fish of the Amazon
- [Rock bass](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/rock-bass), United States: A small, red-eyed freshwater sunfish native to North America.
- [Labeobarbus](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/labeobarbus): A genus of mid-sized ray-finned fish widely distributed in eastern and southern Africa.
- [Crappie](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/crappie), United States: Two species of North American freshwater sunfish prized by anglers for sport and food.
- [Golden mahseer](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/tor-putitora), Pakistan: Large cyprinid fish from Himalayan rivers
- [Spotted gar](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/spotted-gar) (1860), United States: A small North American freshwater fish with a long snout and spotted scales.
- [Asian swamp eel](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/asian-swamp-eel), China: A freshwater, air-breathing fish native to Asia and introduced elsewhere.
- [Pacific lamprey](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/pacific-lamprey) (1872), United States: An anadromous parasitic jawless fish found along the Pacific Rim.
- [Nigorobuna](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/nigorobuna), Japan: Wild carp from Lake Biwa used for fermented sushi.
- [White bass](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/white-bass), United States: A silver-striped freshwater fish native to North American rivers and lakes.
- [Alewife](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/alewife), United States: A small North American herring that migrates between sea and rivers.
- [Telescopefish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/telescopefish) (1901): Deep-sea fish with tubular eyes and an elongated tail fin.
- [Deepsea lizardfish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/deepsea-lizardfish) (1878): A deep-ocean predator with a flattened head and large eyes found in tropical seas worldwide.
- [Thaumatichthys](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/thaumatichthys) (1908): A genus of deep-sea anglerfish with a unique internal lure and hinged jaws.
- [Ribbonfish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/ribbonfish): Deep-sea lampriforms with long, tape-like bodies
- [Glasshead barreleye](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/rhynchohyalus): Deep-sea fish with mirror-based eyes
- [Stareater](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/stareater): Small deep-sea fish with a red glowing lure
- [Chaunax](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/chaunax) (1846): A genus of deep-sea anglerfishes known for their large mouths and luring habits.
- [Crestfish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/crestfish): Deep-sea ribbon fish with a head crest and ink sacs
- [Barreleye](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/opisthoproctus): Deep-sea fish with tubular eyes and a light-producing anus
- [Bristlemouths](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/gonostomatidae): A family of abundant deep-sea fish with bioluminescent organs and bristle-like teeth.
- [Lanternfish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/lanternfish): Small bioluminescent mesopelagic fish found in oceans worldwide.
- [Anglerfish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/anglerfish) (1829): Ray-finned fish using a modified dorsal fin ray as a lure to catch prey.
- [Oarfish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/oarfish) (1772): Extremely long pelagic fish known for their ribbon-like bodies and association with sea serpent myths.
- [Grenadiers](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/grenadiers) (1765): Deep-sea gadiform fish with slender bodies and long tails, found globally in ocean depths.
- [Hagfish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/hagfish): Eel-shaped jawless marine animals known for producing vast amounts of slime.
- [Danio](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/danio) (1822): A genus of small striped freshwater fish from Asia kept in aquaria.
- [Rasbora](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/rasbora) (1822): A diverse genus of small freshwater fish native to South and Southeast Asia.
- [Xiphophorus](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/xiphophorus), Mexico: A genus of small livebearing fish native to Mexico and Central America, known for aquarium use and genetic research.
- [Rainbowfish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/rainbowfish) (1894), Australia: Small colourful freshwater fish from Australia and New Guinea
- [Argentinian silverside](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/odontesthes-bonariensis), Argentina: A large, adaptable silverside native to South America.
- [Killifish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/killifish): Small egg-laying fish known for hardiness and short lifespans
- [Arowana](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/arowana) (1831): Freshwater bony fish with a toothed bone in the mouth and air-breathing ability.
- [Humpback anglerfish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/humpback-anglerfish) (1863): Deep-sea black seadevil with a glowing lure
- [Pelican eel](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/pelican-eel): A deep-sea eel with a massive hinged jaw and ultra-black skin found in all oceans.
- [Triplewart seadevil](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/triplewart-seadevil) (1883): A deep-sea anglerfish with extreme sexual dimorphism and parasitic males.
- [Sloane's viperfish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/sloane-s-viperfish) (1801): Deep-sea dragonfish with huge teeth and light organs
- [Black dragonfish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/idiacanthus-atlanticus): Deep-sea fish with infrared light and stalked larval eyes
- [Barreleye](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/barreleye): Deep-sea argentiniform fish with transparent heads and tubular eyes.
- [Giant oarfish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/giant-oarfish) (1772): The world's longest ray-finned fish, known for its ribbon-like body and crimson crest.
- [Blobfish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/psychrolutes-marcidus), Australia: A gelatinous deep-sea fish from Australia and New Zealand waters.
- [Slender snipe eel](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/slender-snipe-eel): A deep-sea eel with a bird-like beak and extreme length.
- [Black swallower](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/black-swallower): Deep-sea fish that eats prey larger than itself
- [Pacific blackdragon](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/idiacanthus-antrostomus): Deep-sea fish with light-absorbing skin and a glowing chin lure.
- [Atlantic hagfish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/myxine-glutinosa) (1758), Canada: A jawless marine scavenger known for its slime and lack of true eyes.
- [Roundnose grenadier](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/coryphaenoides-rupestris): A large deep-sea fish from the northern Atlantic Ocean with a rounded head and long tail.
- [Tripod fish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/bathypterois-grallator): Deep-sea fish that stands on elongated fins
- [Giant grenadier](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/albatrossia), Japan: A large deep-sea rattail from the North Pacific.
- [Least killifish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/heterandria-formosa), United States: A tiny North American fish that gives birth to live young and measures just two centimetres long.
- [Mosquitofish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/mosquitofish), United States: Small North American fish introduced globally for mosquito control.
- [Eastern mosquitofish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/eastern-mosquitofish) (1859), United States: A small livebearing fish native to the eastern US, now invasive in many regions.
- [Japanese rice fish](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/japanese-rice-fish), Japan: Small freshwater fish native to Japan and a key model organism.
- [Largescale four-eyes](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/anableps-anableps) (1758), Brazil: Surface-dwelling fish with split eyes for dual vision.
- [Red-bellied piranha](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/red-bellied-piranha), Brazil: A widespread South American freshwater fish known for its omnivorous diet and shoaling behavior.
- [Red-bellied Pacu](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/piaractus-brachypomus), Brazil: A large South American freshwater fish related to piranhas, farmed for food and kept in aquariums.
- [Butterfly splitfin](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/butterfly-splitfin) (1971), Mexico: A critically endangered livebearing fish from Mexico.
- [Headstander](https://everyfish.cpn.cleartrust.cc/f/headstander): South American freshwater fish known for swimming with their heads pointed downwards.